Pengaruh Musik Terhadap Intensitas Depresi Tahanan di Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas I Surakarta

Tesis : Program Pascasarjana Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta

Sam Eddyanto, S4501003. 2008.

ABSTRAK


Prevalensi sesaat (point prevalence) gangguan depresi para tahanan di Rumah Tahanan Negara Kelas I Surakarta pada tahun 2003 mencapai 69,9% dengan menggunakan Beck Depression Inventory. Terapi musik berkembang pesat di Amerika Serikat dan terjadi kontroversi hubungan musik dan kecerdasan spasial pada tahun 1994. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi musik (Mozart dan karawitan) untuk menurunkan intensitas depresi.

Penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan the pretest-postest control group design, dilakukan di Rumah Tahanan Negara (Rutan) Kelas I Surakarta dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Subyek penelitian sebanyak 90 orang, randomisasi masing-masing: 30 tahanan pada kelompok perlakuan I (mendengarkan musik klasik Mozart) dan kelompok perlakuan II (mendengarkan musik karawitan), masing-masing selama 1 jam/hari, 14 hari berturut-turut dan 30 tahanan sebagai kelompok kontrol. Intensitas depresi diukur dengan menggunakan Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Hasil analisis statistik didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna penurunan intensitas depresi (BDI) 20% dari nilai awal untuk kelompok perlakuan mendengarkan musik Mozart dibandingkan kelompok pembanding (kontrol) (X2=6,212; p=0,013) dan penurunan intensitas depresi (BDI) 14% dari nilai awal untuk kelompok karawitan dibandingkan dengan kelompok pembanding (X2=4,474; p=0,034).

Kesimpulan musik Mozart dan musik karawitan Ki Nartosabdho terbukti mempunyai pengaruh menurunkan intensitas depresi (BDI).

Kata kunci: gangguan depresi - tahanan - terapi musik (Mozart/Karawitan)

MUSIC THERAPY EFFECTS TO PRISONERS DEPRESSION INTENSITY AT FIRST CLASS STATES PRISONERS HOME OF SURAKARTA*

Sam Eddyanto **


ABSTRACT


Point prevalence of major depressive disorder among prisoners at First Class States Prisoners Home of Surakarta in year 2003 by using Beck depression inventory was about 69.9%. Music therapy has rapidly developed in United States and it has been controversial about relation between music (Mozart) and spatial intelligency in year 1994. This study aims at understanding the effects of music therapies (Mozart and karawitan [Ki Nartosabdho]) to decrease intensity of depression.

Randomized controlled trial (RCT) with the pretest-postes control group design, has been done in State Prisoners Home First Class Surakarta for three months (January-Maret 2008) with simple random sampling for method of samples recruitment. As many as 90 prisoners, each was randomized: 30 prisoners for treatment-1 group (listening to Mozart musics), 30 prisoners treatment-2 group (listening to karawitan musics, each of both groups listened to music one hours per day, for 14 days continued) and 30 prisoners for control group with no treatment. Depression intensity was measured by Beck depression inventory (BDI).

At statistic analysis results, there were significant differences in 20% depression decreases from initial value for treatment group who listened to Mozart music comparison with control group (X2=6.212; p=0.013) and 14% depression intensity decreases from initial value for treatment group who listened to karawitan musics comparison with control group (X2=4.747; p=0.034).

As conclusions, this study demonstrated that Mozart musics and karawitan musics (Ki Nartosabdho) had been proved to decrease intensity of depression.


Key words: RCT – music effect (Mozart and karawitan) – depression intensity (BDI).


* End of tasks PPDS-I Psikiatri FK-UNS / RS Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
** Residen of PPDS-I Psikiatri FK-UNS / RS Dr. Moewardi Surakarta